The Indian
Ocean tsunami 2004 was estimated to cause more than 250,000 deaths and countless casualties. Although Aceh, which is in the
most western part of Indonesia, has experienced numerous destructive tsunamis
in recent history, when the 2004 tsunami struck, it led to devastating damage
and human casualties. It seems, then, that 2004 tsunami happened regardless of
any lesson learnt from past similar events. Information
is the most important issue in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The purpose of this study;
to collecting data to pre and post tsunami 2004; to displaying attractively
multimedia data for young generation; to build local community for continuing
DRR activities and sharing global information.
Figure 1. Earth interface by Cesium open data source, github platform
The study areas of this study are sixth districts disaster affected
area along the western coastal of Aceh. The method of this study: The first
method is anthropological
approach to collecting data by primary
data collection from questionnaires and in-depth interviews and secondary data
from previous research: The second method is technological approach to display multimedia data
including making film and into develop digital archive to visualizing
digital earth contents and linked comparison study between Japan and Indonesia:
The
third method is social approach to build community base DRR for sustainability
disaster prevention education. We survey
the precedent cases of related disaster digital archive construction and
related studies to evaluate them. We prove the effectiveness of the use of open
source software and the necessity of multimedia display.
The discussion of this
dissertation describe as follows:
Chapter 1, discusses
the general content of the research.
Chapter 2, discusses
the previous study and relative study of the research.
Chapter 3, discusses the general method, evaluation and the result
of the research.
Chapter 4, we develop a
pluralistic digital archive by data collection of scientific - geological
records, historical manuscripts related to earthquake - tsunami and interviews
related local knowledge from past disasters. Developing method is mash-uping
whole digitalized data into a digital earth interface for to display all
materials at glance and to facilitate the cross referencing with landscape. And
also, we conducted a comparative experiment to measure user’s learning level by
using original materials and the digital archive. Based on the results of the
experiment, we concluded that our method displayed better of knowledge to fill
in the gap information from the past disaster for a young generation.
Chapter 5, we use film as
multimedia for DRR education, which is needed to fill in the gap information
from past disasters. Film is an effective medium to transfer knowledge of past
disaster. The film is produced with a method to record in the two different
locations and merge them into one film. First location is the scenes took in
the laboratory to explain of a researcher’s theory to know the age of tsunami
deposit using carbon dating. And second location is, the scenes took in the
tsunami affected areas to know local knowledge. We uploaded it to YouTube for
viewing by a wide range people all over the world and local people. And also,
the film was selected as permanent exhibition display in a public tsunami
education museum. We evaluate this situation as a good starting point to
transfer knowledge.
Figure 3. The Aceh Paloetsunami
film is linked to YouTube and SNS trough the open-source platform
Chapter 6, we use virtual disaster heritage because any major
catastrophe will leave many relics, it seems to be important to sustainable
disaster education for global community. Data collections of
tsunami survivor’s testimonies are important to preserve the heritage of
disaster and it serve as a Dark Tourism attraction. To accomplish this purpose,
we visualized the data by using method described in Chapter 3. The archive
shows the place of historical context of testimonies. To shows the other
benefit of disaster heritage, we conducted survey in the disaster site, the
heritage of disaster does not only include sorrow, but disaster education and
improved the economics of communities surrounding historical sites. Its serve
as a lesson for other disaster areas such as Japan, where many disaster relics
has removed.
Chapter 7, we visualize data of Aceh rehabilitation and reconstruction
from German Red Cross Housing Project in Aceh. Data collection of tsunami
victims and housing’s photos are important to compare the landscape area of the
housing location and its effects on damages and significant changes of housing
condition. To accomplish this purpose, we visualized the data by using method
described in Chapter 3. We analyse the data using this visualization and
revealed the fact that building structures increased community disaster
preparedness and enhancing economic growth. Base on the visualization data on
the housing reconstruction process proved to be an effective way to document
the lessons learned and disaster risk reduction for future use.
Chapter 8, we establish an online / offline community for to understand
the threats within their territories, make efforts to share experiences, and
mitigation strategies by-from-for the community for sharing global information
of DRR. To achieve this purpose, we hold an annual workshop series and create
social networks to engage, sharing, and spreading the knowledge. At the moment,
the community has cited publications in online and printed media of local to
international scale. And according to analysis of users’ behaviour, it is
proved that the community has had a positive impact and attracted positive
attention from audiences, more than 1,700 people reach the link and the
information was spread up. From these results, we evaluate that the community
is continuously growing up.
Figure 4. Code4Aceh promotes global information
shown from the Analysis user’s behavior
Chapter 9, we compare tsunami
disaster studies of Japan and Indonesia, to get a mutual understanding of the
disaster experiences and practices between the two countries. The method is
comparison of the pattern of evacuation
during disaster, between Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) experiences and Aceh
Earthquake on April 11, 2012. We use the same method described in Chapter 3. As
lesson to learn of GEJE 2011 resulting people used escape building that has
been designated for evacuation, but the tsunami is greater than predicted and
many people died because of it. After the
Indian Ocean tsunami 2004, on Aceh Earthquake 2012, the people of Aceh had a
stronger intuition to save themselves to a higher place in the event of a major
earthquake than evacuate to the escape building. Both experiences had compare
and invaluable as global knowledge for DRR.
Chapter 10, we hold a
workshop with local students participants to evaluate the archive, to test its
attractiveness and its ability to inform young people about the past historical
disaster. We set two steps in the workshop program, first step is using
ordinary medias and second step is studying by our application. The result of
questionnaire, it is proved that the archive had function of alternative media
to get knowledge, lesson learn and sharing information as contribution for
sustainability DRR and global information by a handy tools.
As overall conclusion,
based on the result of each chapter are as follows: We have
contributed to anthropological data collection related to past disasters. We
proved that our digital archive method is attractively digital earth interface
to display multimedia data including film and comparison study between Japan
and Indonesia. And we established a DRR-based community as a better
function to transfer information about disasters more accessible to the younger
generation, especially by connecting them to the SNS. The pluralistic disaster
digital archive will remind people around the world that local knowledge from
the past disaster offers invaluable lesson for DRR and global information.
Figure 5. The Website is a Handy tool by Mobile Phone Application
And my perceptions for
the future student who really want to study PhD (or others) in Japan. First, if
you apply for PhD, make it sure that you already apply scholarship program
before come, it is for your financial secure (whatever the story is). Then you
have to prepare yourself for the most uncomfortable situation will you face.
Read more about the culture’s background of Japan. How’s their life, their food,
their passion etc. But it isn’t enough, you might have to consultation to the
people who had experience about it. And when you are study in Japan and got bad
situation with your friends, your colleagues, administration things, just talk
and discuss to your supervisor. Even if the biggest of your problem is your
supervisor itself, sometimes they didn’t notice and understand what the problem
is. Discuss it with the properly ways, honestly and do your best. Reassure your supervisor that your study is a collaboration work. Prove it that
you have value to help your supervisor and need his guiding too, to finishing
your task and study. It is the hardest part of being PhD Student. But it is the
only one and best way, while staying patient, keep calm and doing the best
progress. Gather with your best friends and visiting religious events sometimes
healing your soul.
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